photo

A leading line, called a "range"in the United States, is a line formed by a pair of marks, which are generally man-made, that are used in position fixing and navigation, to indicate a safe passage through a shallow or dangerous channel. If lighted the marks are called "leading lights" in British English and "range lights" in the United States.

The “Rule of Thirds” one of the first things that budding digital photographers learn about in classes on photography and rightly so as it is the basis for well balanced and interesting shots.

In photography and cinematography, framing is a technique used to bring the focus to the subject.
Frames serve the double purpose of making a more aesthetically pleasing image and keeping the focus on the framed object(s). They add depth to the image, and can add a great deal to the picture when the frame is something related to the object being framed.

RETITION: The root word of repetition is “repeat”. When you repeat a certain size, or shape or color you add strength to the overall image. Repetition is a basic concept in the world of art. If you want to make a statement, you repeat certain elements again and again. If you repeat something once or twice it becomes more interesting. If you repeat something many times it becomes a pattern and takes on a life of its own. Patterns give us order in an otherwise chaotic world. There’s something fundamentally pleasing about seeing order in such a way that we know what to expect. In most cases, repetition is a tool used to calm the viewer, making them feel comfortable and at peace while enjoying the view.

Contrast is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable from other objects and the background.